在煤化工產(chǎn)業(yè)中，精萘作為煤焦油深加工的核心產(chǎn)品，既是制造染料中間體、合成樹(shù)脂的關(guān)鍵原料，也是農(nóng)藥、醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域不可或缺的有機(jī)化合物。然而，生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的含萘廢氣、廢液若未經(jīng)妥善處理，不僅會(huì)造成資源浪費(fèi)，更可能引發(fā)環(huán)境污染。探索精萘的高效回收技術(shù)，已成為推動(dòng)行業(yè)綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的重要課題。

　　In the coal chemical industry, refined naphthalene, as the core product of deep processing of coal tar, is not only a key raw material for manufacturing dye intermediates and synthetic resins, but also an indispensable organic compound in the fields of pesticides and pharmaceuticals. However, if the naphthalene containing waste gas and liquid generated during the production process are not properly treated, it will not only cause resource waste, but also potentially lead to environmental pollution. Exploring efficient recycling technologies for refined naphthalene has become an important issue in promoting the green transformation of the industry.

　　煤氣凈化中的萘捕捉藝術(shù)

　　The Art of Naphthalene Capture in Gas Purification

　　在煤焦油加工過(guò)程中，煤氣初冷階段是萘回收的關(guān)鍵窗口。當(dāng)煤氣溫度從55℃逐步冷卻至25℃時(shí)，萘的飽和含量急劇下降，極易在管道中結(jié)晶堵塞。為破解這一難題，行業(yè)研發(fā)出油洗萘技術(shù)：在終冷塔前設(shè)置洗萘塔，利用輕質(zhì)煤焦油作為吸收劑，通過(guò)平噴淋裝置與煤氣充分接觸。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，該工藝可將煤氣含萘量從2-5g/m?降至0.5g/m?以下，萘回收率突破93%。吸收了萘的富油經(jīng)蒸餾處理后，可實(shí)現(xiàn)萘與煤焦油的分離再生，形成閉環(huán)循環(huán)。

　　In the process of coal tar processing, the primary cooling stage of gas is the key window for naphthalene recovery. When the gas temperature gradually cools from 55 ℃ to 25 ℃, the saturation content of naphthalene drops sharply, making it easy to crystallize and block in the pipeline. To solve this problem, the industry has developed oil washing naphthalene technology: a naphthalene washing tower is set up before the final cooling tower, using light coal tar as an absorbent, and fully contacting with gas through a flat spray device. Experimental data shows that this process can reduce the naphthalene content in coal gas from 2-5g/m? Reduced to 0.5g/m? Below, the naphthalene recovery rate has exceeded 93%. After absorbing naphthalene and undergoing distillation treatment, the rich oil can achieve the separation and regeneration of naphthalene and coal tar, forming a closed-loop cycle.

　　結(jié)晶精餾耦合技術(shù)

　　Crystalline distillation coupling technology

　　針對(duì)煤焦油蒸餾產(chǎn)生的萘油餾分，現(xiàn)代化工企業(yè)采用精餾與結(jié)晶相結(jié)合的提純工藝。在精餾塔中，萘油餾分經(jīng)50層塔板分離，初步得到含萘量75%的粗萘。隨后進(jìn)入結(jié)晶槽進(jìn)行深度冷卻，萘分子在特定溫度下形成規(guī)則單斜晶體，經(jīng)離心機(jī)分離后，用酚油洗滌去除表面油膜，最終獲得純度達(dá)95%的精萘晶體。這種耦合工藝不僅將萘回收率提升至90%以上，更顯著降低了設(shè)備投資成本。

　　Modern chemical enterprises adopt a purification process combining distillation and crystallization for the naphthalene oil fraction produced by coal tar distillation. In the distillation tower, the naphthalene oil fraction is separated by 50 layers of trays to obtain crude naphthalene with a naphthalene content of 75%. Subsequently, it enters the crystallization tank for deep cooling, and naphthalene molecules form regular monoclinic crystals at a specific temperature. After separation by a centrifuge, the surface oil film is removed by washing with phenol oil, and finally pure naphthalene crystals with a purity of 95% are obtained. This coupling process not only increases the naphthalene recovery rate to over 90%, but also significantly reduces equipment investment costs.

　　催化加氫革新之路

　　The Road to Innovation in Catalytic Hydrogenation

　　隨著環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日益嚴(yán)格，催化加氫技術(shù)為萘回收開(kāi)辟了新路徑。在400-500℃高溫及鉑催化劑作用下，煤焦油中的萘系物發(fā)生加氫裂化反應(yīng)，轉(zhuǎn)化為更易分離的輕質(zhì)芳烴。該技術(shù)特別適用于處理含硫、氮雜質(zhì)較高的原料油，通過(guò)精準(zhǔn)控制反應(yīng)條件，可將萘轉(zhuǎn)化率穩(wěn)定在85%以上。值得注意的是，催化劑需嚴(yán)格控硫，原料油硫含量須低于0.002%，這對(duì)前處理工藝提出更高要求。

　　With increasingly strict environmental standards, catalytic hydrogenation technology has opened up a new path for naphthalene recovery. Under the high temperature of 400-500 ℃ and the action of platinum catalyst, the naphthalene series in coal tar undergoes hydrocracking reaction and is converted into lighter aromatic hydrocarbons that are easier to separate. This technology is particularly suitable for processing raw oil with high sulfur and nitrogen impurities. By precisely controlling the reaction conditions, the conversion rate of naphthalene can be stabilized at over 85%. It is worth noting that the catalyst needs to be strictly controlled for sulfur, and the sulfur content of the raw oil must be less than 0.002%, which puts higher demands on the pre-treatment process.

　　安全環(huán)保雙重防線

　　Dual defense line of safety and environmental protection

　　在萘回收過(guò)程中，安全生產(chǎn)與環(huán)境保護(hù)始終是兩條不可逾越的紅線。操作人員必須穿戴防毒面具、防護(hù)服等裝備，作業(yè)場(chǎng)所萘蒸氣濃度須控制在10ppm以下。對(duì)于回收產(chǎn)生的含萘廢水，行業(yè)普遍采用萃取-蒸餾聯(lián)合工藝，先用二硫化碳萃取萘，再經(jīng)減壓蒸餾實(shí)現(xiàn)溶劑再生，確保廢水排放達(dá)到《石油化學(xué)工業(yè)污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。

　　In the process of naphthalene recycling, safety production and environmental protection are always two unbreakable red lines. Operators must wear gas masks, protective clothing, and other equipment, and the concentration of naphthalene vapor in the workplace must be controlled below 10ppm. For the naphthalene containing wastewater generated from recycling, the industry generally adopts an extraction distillation combined process. First, naphthalene is extracted with carbon disulfide, and then solvent regeneration is achieved through vacuum distillation to ensure that the wastewater discharge meets the "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Petrochemical Industry".

　　精萘回收技術(shù)的持續(xù)革新，不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了資源的高效循環(huán)利用，更推動(dòng)了煤化工行業(yè)的綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。從煤氣凈化到結(jié)晶提純，從催化加氫到環(huán)保處理，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的技術(shù)突破都在詮釋著循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的真諦。當(dāng)工業(yè)廢料通過(guò)科技創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)化為高價(jià)值產(chǎn)品，我們看到的不僅是技術(shù)進(jìn)步，更是人類(lèi)與自然和諧共生的智慧之光。

　　The continuous innovation of refined naphthalene recovery technology not only achieves efficient recycling of resources, but also promotes the green transformation of the coal chemical industry. From gas purification to crystallization purification, from catalytic hydrogenation to environmental treatment, technological breakthroughs in each link are interpreting the essence of circular economy. When industrial waste is transformed into high-value products through technological innovation, what we see is not only technological progress, but also the wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

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